NVAEasyJEE 2026Magnetic Dipole & Bar Magnet

JEE Physics 2026 Question with Solution

A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 3030^\circ with an external magnetic field of 800Gauss800\,\text{Gauss} experiences a torque of 0.016N m0.016\,\text{N m}. The work done in moving it from most stable to most unstable position is α×103J\alpha \times 10^{-3}\,\text{J}. The value of α\alpha is _____.

Answer

Correct answer:64

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given: torque τ=0.016N m\tau = 0.016\,\text{N m}, magnetic field B=800GaussB = 800\,\text{Gauss}, and angle θ=30\theta = 30^\circ.

Find: the value of α\alpha in W=α×103JW = \alpha \times 10^{-3}\,\text{J}.

Convert the magnetic field into SI units:

B=800Gauss=800×104=0.08TB = 800\,\text{Gauss} = 800 \times 10^{-4} = 0.08\,\text{T}

Using the torque formula for a magnetic dipole:

τ=MBsinθ\tau = MB\sin\theta

So,

0.016=M×0.08×sin300.016 = M \times 0.08 \times \sin 30^\circ 0.016=M×0.08×120.016 = M \times 0.08 \times \frac{1}{2} M=0.4A m2M = 0.4\,\text{A m}^2

The work done in rotating a magnetic dipole from stable position 00^\circ to unstable position 180180^\circ is:

W=2MBW = 2MB

Substituting the values:

W=2×0.4×0.08=0.064JW = 2 \times 0.4 \times 0.08 = 0.064\,\text{J}

Writing this in the required form:

0.064=64×103J0.064 = 64 \times 10^{-3}\,\text{J}

Therefore, the value of α\alpha is 6464.

Using the energy change directly

Given: τ=0.016N m\tau = 0.016\,\text{N m} at θ=30\theta = 30^\circ and B=800Gauss=0.08TB = 800\,\text{Gauss} = 0.08\,\text{T}.

Find: α\alpha.

From torque,

τ=MBsin30=MB2\tau = MB\sin 30^\circ = \frac{MB}{2}

Hence,

MB=2τ=2×0.016=0.032MB = 2\tau = 2 \times 0.016 = 0.032

For rotation from most stable to most unstable position, work done is

W=2MB=2×0.032=0.064J=64×103JW = 2MB = 2 \times 0.032 = 0.064\,\text{J} = 64 \times 10^{-3}\,\text{J}

Therefore, the value of α\alpha is 6464.

Common mistakes

  • Using W=MBW = MB instead of W=2MBW = 2MB. The dipole moves from most stable (0)\left(0^\circ\right) to most unstable (180)\left(180^\circ\right) position, so the total change in potential energy is 2MB2MB, not MBMB.

  • Not converting 800Gauss800\,\text{Gauss} into tesla. The torque formula in SI units requires BB in tesla, so use 800Gauss=0.08T800\,\text{Gauss} = 0.08\,\text{T}.

  • Using sin30=1\sin 30^\circ = 1 or cos30\cos 30^\circ in the torque formula. Torque on a magnetic dipole is τ=MBsinθ\tau = MB\sin\theta, and here sin30=12\sin 30^\circ = \frac{1}{2}.

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