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MCQEasyJEE 2026Detection of Functional Groups

JEE Chemistry 2026 Question with Solution

Match List-I with List-II.

Two-column matching table. List-I shows functional group detection tests A to D, and List-II shows observed changes I to IV for matching.
  • A

    A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

  • B

    A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

  • C

    A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

  • D

    A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Answer

Correct answer:A

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given: A matching question between List-I and List-II based on functional group detection tests.

Find: The correct matching option.

Understanding the concept: Functional groups are identified by specific chemical tests that produce characteristic colour changes or precipitates.

  • A. Unsaturation (Baeyer's test): Cold alkaline KMnO4KMnO_4 is pink. Reaction with alkenes decolourises it. →\rightarrow IV.
  • B. Alcoholic group (CAN test): Ceric ammonium nitrate forms a red complex with alcohols. →\rightarrow I.
  • C. Aldehyde group (Tollen's reagent): Aldehydes reduce Ag+Ag^+ to metallic silver. →\rightarrow II.
  • D. Phenolic group (FeCl3FeCl_3 test): Neutral ferric chloride forms a violet complex with phenols. →\rightarrow III.

Therefore, the matching is A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

The correct option is A.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing Baeyer's test with tests for aldehydes. Baeyer's test detects unsaturation by decolourisation of pink alkaline KMnO4KMnO_4, not the silver mirror test. Match it with discharge of pink colour.

  • Mixing up Tollen's reagent and FeCl3FeCl_3 test. Tollen's reagent is for aldehydes and gives a silver mirror, whereas FeCl3FeCl_3 gives a violet colour with phenols.

  • Assuming CAN test gives a precipitate instead of a colour change. Ceric ammonium nitrate gives a red colour with alcohols, so the alcoholic group must match the red colour observation.

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