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MCQEasyJEE 2025Detection of Functional Groups

JEE Chemistry 2025 Question with Solution

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

A matching table with LIST-I as reagents A to D and LIST-II as functional groups I to IV for identification tests in organic chemistry.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  • A

    A-III, B-III, C-I, D-IV

  • B

    A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

  • C

    A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

  • D

    A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Answer

Correct answer:C

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given: Match the reagents in LIST-I with the functional groups detected in LIST-II.

Find: The correct reagent-functional group correspondence and hence the correct option.

Matching Analysis:

  • A: Sodium bicarbonate solution reacts with carboxylic acids to produce effervescence of CO2CO_2, so A \rightarrow II.
  • B: Neutral ferric chloride gives a colored complex with phenolic −OH-OH, so B \rightarrow III.
  • C: Ceric ammonium nitrate gives red color with alcoholic −OH-OH, so C \rightarrow IV.
  • D: Alkaline KMnO4KMnO_4 is decolorized by a double bond or unsaturation, so D \rightarrow I.

Therefore, the correct mapping is A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

The correct option is C.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing carboxylic acid with phenol in the sodium bicarbonate test. Sodium bicarbonate gives effervescence with carboxylic acids because CO2CO_2 is evolved, but ordinary phenols do not respond this way. Use sodium bicarbonate specifically for identifying carboxylic acids.

  • Using neutral ferric chloride as a test for all compounds containing −OH-OH. It is characteristic for phenolic −OH-OH, not for alcoholic −OH-OH. Distinguish phenols from alcohols before assigning this reagent.

  • Mixing up ceric ammonium nitrate and alkaline KMnO4KMnO_4 tests. Ceric ammonium nitrate indicates alcoholic −OH-OH, whereas alkaline KMnO4KMnO_4 is used for unsaturation. Match the reagent to the functional behavior, not just to color change memory.

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