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MCQEasyJEE 2024Rutherford's Model of Atom

JEE Physics 2024 Question with Solution

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Most of the mass of the atom and all its positive charge are concentrated in a tiny nucleus and the electrons revolve around it, is Rutherford’s model. Statement II: An atom is a spherical cloud of positive charges with electrons embedded in it, is a special case of Rutherford’s model.

  • A

    Both Statement I and Statement II are false

  • B

    Statement I is false but Statement II is true

  • C

    Statement I is true but Statement II is false

  • D

    Both Statement I and Statement II are true

Answer

Correct answer:C

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given: Two statements about atomic models are to be checked.

Find: Which option correctly identifies the truth values of Statement I and Statement II.

Statement I says that most of the mass of the atom and all its positive charge are concentrated in a tiny nucleus and electrons revolve around it. This is the description of Rutherford’s atomic model.

Statement II says that an atom is a spherical cloud of positive charge with electrons embedded in it. This is actually Thomson’s atomic model and not a special case of Rutherford’s model.

Therefore, Statement I is true but Statement II is false.

The correct option is C.

Historical Model Comparison

Given: The question compares Rutherford’s model and Thomson’s model of the atom.

Find: Identify which statement is true.

Assessment of Statement I:

  • Rutherford proposed that the atom has a small, dense nucleus.
  • Most of the mass and all positive charge are concentrated in this nucleus.
  • Electrons are outside the nucleus and revolve around it.

So, Statement I is true.

Assessment of Statement II:

  • A spherical cloud of positive charge with electrons embedded in it is the Thomson plum pudding model.
  • Rutherford’s model introduced a central nucleus, so this description does not belong to Rutherford’s model.

So, Statement II is false.

Hence, the final conclusion is that Statement I is true but Statement II is false, so the correct option is C.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing Rutherford’s model with Thomson’s model. Thomson proposed a positive sphere with embedded electrons, whereas Rutherford proposed a tiny central nucleus. Always match the statement to the defining feature of the model.

  • Assuming that one atomic model is a special case of another without checking the core idea. Rutherford’s model is not a special case of Thomson’s model because the nucleus concept is fundamentally different.

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