Let be an equilateral triangle with orthocenter at the origin and the side lying on the line . If the coordinates of the vertex are , then the greatest integer less than or equal to is:
- A
- B
- C
- D
Let be an equilateral triangle with orthocenter at the origin and the side lying on the line . If the coordinates of the vertex are , then the greatest integer less than or equal to is:
Correct answer:D
Standard Method
Given: is an equilateral triangle, its orthocenter is at the origin, and side lies on .
Find: The greatest integer less than or equal to where .
In an equilateral triangle, the orthocenter, centroid, and circumcenter coincide. Therefore, the centroid is also at the origin.
Let
Since the centroid is at the origin,
The midpoint of is
Because this midpoint lies on the line ,
So,
that is,
Since the altitude from is perpendicular to , and the line has normal vector , the point lies on the line through the origin in the direction . Hence,
So,
Substituting into ,
Now,
Therefore,
Hence,
So the greatest integer less than or equal to this value is .
The solution concludes with option D, but the working gives , whose floor is . Therefore, the defensible correct option from the given options is B.
Using the base-altitude geometry
Given: The centroid of the equilateral triangle is at the origin and side lies on .
Find: .
For an equilateral triangle, the median from to side is also the altitude. Since the centroid is at the origin, the centroid lies on this altitude. Therefore, the altitude from passes through the origin and is perpendicular to .
The line is
so a perpendicular direction is its normal vector
Hence,
Also, the midpoint of is the point on the altitude between the centroid and the base. From the centroid relation, that midpoint is
Substituting in the line equation gives
which simplifies to
Now put and :
Thus,
So,
and therefore
Hence the correct option by calculation is B.
Assuming the listed correct option must be accepted even when the algebra gives a different result. Here the working yields , so its floor is , not . Always trust the validated derivation over a mismatched option label.
Using the slope direction of instead of the perpendicular direction for the altitude. The altitude from must be perpendicular to , so use the normal vector , not a direction vector along the side.
Forgetting that in an equilateral triangle the orthocenter and centroid coincide. If the origin is not treated as the centroid, the midpoint relation for is missed and the equation linking and is not obtained.
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