MCQMediumJEE 2026Linear Differential Equations

JEE Mathematics 2026 Question with Solution

Let y=y(x)y = y(x) be a differentiable function in the interval (0,)(0,\infty) such that y(1)=2y(1) = 2, and limtx(t2y(x)x2y(t)xt)=3\lim_{t \to x}\left(\frac{t^2y(x)-x^2y(t)}{x-t}\right)=3 for each x>0x > 0. Then 2y(2)2y(2) is equal to

  • A

    2323

  • B

    1212

  • C

    1818

  • D

    2727

Answer

Correct answer:A

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given: y=y(x)y = y(x) is differentiable on (0,)(0,\infty), y(1)=2y(1) = 2, and

limtx(t2y(x)x2y(t)xt)=3\lim_{t \to x}\left(\frac{t^2y(x)-x^2y(t)}{x-t}\right)=3

for each x>0x > 0.

Find: 2y(2)2y(2).

Rewrite the given limit as

limtxx2y(t)t2y(x)tx\lim_{t\to x}\frac{x^2y(t)-t^2y(x)}{t-x}

This is the derivative with respect to tt of x2y(t)t2y(x)x^2y(t)-t^2y(x) evaluated at t=xt = x.

Therefore,

ddt[x2y(t)t2y(x)]t=x=x2y(x)2xy(x)\frac{d}{dt}\left[x^2y(t)-t^2y(x)\right]_{t=x} = x^2y'(x)-2xy(x)

Given that the limit equals 33, we get

x2y(x)2xy(x)=3x^2y'(x)-2xy(x)=3

Now divide by x2x^2 to obtain the differential equation

y(x)2xy(x)=3x2y'(x)-\frac{2}{x}y(x)=\frac{3}{x^2}

Its integrating factor is

IF=e2xdx=1x2\text{IF}=e^{\int -\frac{2}{x} \, dx}=\frac{1}{x^2}

Multiplying throughout by the integrating factor,

ddx(yx2)=3x4\frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{y}{x^2}\right)=\frac{3}{x^4}

Integrating,

yx2=1x3+C\frac{y}{x^2}=-\frac{1}{x^3}+C

Hence,

y=1x+Cx2y=-\frac{1}{x}+Cx^2

Using the condition y(1)=2y(1)=2,

2=1+CC=32=-1+C \Rightarrow C=3

So,

y(x)=3x21xy(x)=3x^2-\frac{1}{x}

Now evaluate at x=2x=2:

y(2)=1212=232y(2)=12-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{23}{2}

Thus,

2y(2)=232y(2)=23

Therefore, the correct option is A.

Derivative Interpretation of the Limit

Given: the limit expression involves two variables, tt and xx, with xx treated as fixed while txt \to x.

Find: convert the limit into a differential equation for yy.

Consider

F(t)=x2y(t)t2y(x)F(t)=x^2y(t)-t^2y(x)

Here, for fixed xx, the quantity y(x)y(x) is a constant with respect to tt. Then

limtxF(t)F(x)tx\lim_{t\to x}\frac{F(t)-F(x)}{t-x}

is precisely F(x)F'(x), because

F(x)=x2y(x)x2y(x)=0F(x)=x^2y(x)-x^2y(x)=0

So the given limit becomes

F(x)=ddt[x2y(t)t2y(x)]t=xF'(x)=\frac{d}{dt}\left[x^2y(t)-t^2y(x)\right]_{t=x}

Differentiating with respect to tt,

F(t)=x2y(t)2ty(x)F'(t)=x^2y'(t)-2t\,y(x)

Putting t=xt=x,

F(x)=x2y(x)2xy(x)F'(x)=x^2y'(x)-2x\,y(x)

Since the limit equals 33,

x2y(x)2xy(x)=3x^2y'(x)-2x\,y(x)=3

From here, solving the linear differential equation gives y(x)=3x21xy(x)=3x^2-\frac{1}{x} and hence 2y(2)=232y(2)=23.

Common mistakes

  • Treating both xx and tt as variables during differentiation. In the limit, txt \to x but differentiation is with respect to tt while xx is fixed. So y(x)y(x) behaves like a constant when differentiating with respect to tt.

  • Missing the sign change when rewriting t2y(x)x2y(t)xt\frac{t^2y(x)-x^2y(t)}{x-t} as x2y(t)t2y(x)tx\frac{x^2y(t)-t^2y(x)}{t-x}. Both numerator and denominator are multiplied by 1-1, so the value remains unchanged.

  • Using the wrong integrating factor for y(x)2xy(x)=3x2y'(x)-\frac{2}{x}y(x)=\frac{3}{x^2}. Since the coefficient of yy is 2x-\frac{2}{x}, the integrating factor is e2/xdx=x2e^{\int -2/x \, dx}=x^{-2}, not x2x^2.

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