NVAMediumJEE 2024Simple Applications

JEE Mathematics 2024 Question with Solution

Let α=nCkk+1\alpha = \sum \frac{{}^nC_k}{k + 1} and β=(nCknCk+1)k+2\beta = \sum \frac{({}^nC_k \, {}^nC_{k+1})}{k + 2}. If 5α=6β5\alpha = 6\beta, then nn equals:

Answer

Correct answer:10

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given:

α=k=0n(nk)2k+1\alpha = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{\binom{n}{k}^2}{k+1}

and

β=k=0n1(nk)(nk+1)k+2\beta = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{n}{k}\binom{n}{k+1}}{k+2}

with

5α=6β5\alpha = 6\beta

Find: nn

Use the identities

1k+1(nk)=1n+1(n+1k+1)\frac{1}{k+1}\binom{n}{k} = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{n+1}{k+1}

and

1k+2(nk+1)=1n+1(n+1k+2)\frac{1}{k+2}\binom{n}{k+1} = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{n+1}{k+2}

along with Vandermonde's identity.

For α\alpha,

α=k=0n(nk)2k+1=k=0n((nk)k+1)(nk)\alpha = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{\binom{n}{k}^2}{k+1} = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \left(\frac{\binom{n}{k}}{k+1}\right)\binom{n}{k}

So,

α=1n+1k=0n(nk)(n+1k+1)\alpha = \frac{1}{n+1}\sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k}\binom{n+1}{k+1}

Using symmetry,

(n+1k+1)=(n+1nk)\binom{n+1}{k+1} = \binom{n+1}{n-k}

Hence,

k=0n(nk)(n+1nk)=(2n+1n)\sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k}\binom{n+1}{n-k} = \binom{2n+1}{n}

Therefore,

α=1n+1(2n+1n)\alpha = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n+1}{n}

Detailed Algebra

For β\beta,

β=k=0n1(nk)(nk+1)k+2=k=0n1(nk)((nk+1)k+2)\beta = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{n}{k}\binom{n}{k+1}}{k+2} = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \binom{n}{k}\left(\frac{\binom{n}{k+1}}{k+2}\right)

Thus,

β=1n+1k=0n1(nk)(n+1k+2)\beta = \frac{1}{n+1}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \binom{n}{k}\binom{n+1}{k+2}

Using symmetry,

(n+1k+2)=(n+1nk1)\binom{n+1}{k+2} = \binom{n+1}{n-k-1}

So,

k=0n1(nk)(n+1nk1)=(2n+1n1)\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \binom{n}{k}\binom{n+1}{n-k-1} = \binom{2n+1}{n-1}

Hence,

β=1n+1(2n+1n1)\beta = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n+1}{n-1}

Ratio of Binomial Coefficients

Substitute the simplified forms into 5α=6β5\alpha = 6\beta:

5(1n+1(2n+1n))=6(1n+1(2n+1n1))5\left(\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n+1}{n}\right) = 6\left(\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n+1}{n-1}\right)

Cancel 1n+1\frac{1}{n+1}:

5(2n+1n)=6(2n+1n1)5\binom{2n+1}{n} = 6\binom{2n+1}{n-1}

Now use

(2n+1n)(2n+1n1)=n+2n\frac{\binom{2n+1}{n}}{\binom{2n+1}{n-1}} = \frac{n+2}{n}

So,

5n+2n=65\cdot \frac{n+2}{n} = 6

which gives

5(n+2)=6n5(n+2) = 6n n=10n = 10

Therefore, the value of nn is 1010.

Common mistakes

  • Using the wrong identity for 1k+1(nk)\frac{1}{k+1}\binom{n}{k} is a common mistake. It must be converted to 1n+1(n+1k+1)\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{n+1}{k+1}. Otherwise the Vandermonde form does not appear. Rewrite the term carefully before summing.

  • Applying Vandermonde's identity without using symmetry can lead to mismatched indices. Convert (n+1k+1)\binom{n+1}{k+1} to (n+1nk)\binom{n+1}{n-k} and (n+1k+2)\binom{n+1}{k+2} to (n+1nk1)\binom{n+1}{n-k-1} first.

  • While solving 5(2n+1n)=6(2n+1n1)5\binom{2n+1}{n} = 6\binom{2n+1}{n-1}, students often expand factorials incorrectly. In particular, n!=n(n1)!n! = n(n-1)! and (n+2)!=(n+2)(n+1)!(n+2)! = (n+2)(n+1)! must be used correctly before cancellation.

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