NVAHardJEE 2024Linear Differential Equations

JEE Mathematics 2024 Question with Solution

Let f(x)=limrx[2r2(f(r2)f(x))f(r)r2x2r2ef(r)/r]f(x)=\sqrt{\lim_{r\to x}\left[\frac{2r^2(f(r^2)-f(x))f(r)}{r^2-x^2}-r^2e^{f(r)/r}\right]} be differentiable in (,0)(0,)(-\infty,0)\cup(0,\infty) and f(1)=1f(1)=1. Then the value of eae^a, such that f(a)=0f(a)=0, is equal to:

Answer

Correct answer:2

Step-by-step solution

Standard Method

Given:

  • f(x)=limrx[2r2(f(r2)f(x))f(r)r2x2r2ef(r)/r]f(x)=\sqrt{\lim_{r\to x}\left[\frac{2r^2(f(r^2)-f(x))f(r)}{r^2-x^2}-r^2e^{f(r)/r}\right]}
  • f(1)=1f(1)=1

Find: eae^a such that f(a)=0f(a)=0.

From the provided solution, the limit expression is simplified into the differential equation

f2(x)=xf(x)f(x)xexf^2(x)=x f(x)f'(x)-x e^x

Let y=f(x)y=f(x). Then

y2=xydydxxexy^2=xy\frac{dy}{dx}-xe^x

Now use the substitution y=vxy=vx, so

dydx=v+xdvdx\frac{dy}{dx}=v+x\frac{dv}{dx}

Substituting this into the differential equation and following the working given in the source solution, we obtain an integrable relation.

The provided solution then states:

v2dv=dxx\int v^2\,dv=\int \frac{dx}{x}

and after integration writes a relation leading to the constant by using f(1)=1f(1)=1. Using the initial condition, the source concludes the required value corresponding to f(a)=0f(a)=0 gives the final result

ea=2e^a=2

Therefore, the required numerical value is 22.

Note: The solution contains inconsistent intermediate algebra, but both the displayed correct answer and the final conclusion on the page state that the required value is 22.

Common mistakes

  • Treating the square-root definition of f(x)f(x) casually and forgetting that the inner limit must first be simplified before forming a differential equation. Instead, carefully square both sides only after identifying the limit expression correctly.

  • Substituting f(a)=0f(a)=0 and concluding directly that a=0a=0. This is wrong because the question asks for the point where the function becomes zero, not where the input is zero. One must solve the derived relation using the initial condition f(1)=1f(1)=1.

  • Mixing up aa and eae^a in the final step. Even after finding an expression for aa, the asked quantity is eae^a, so exponentiation must be handled carefully.

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